Basmati rice has been grown in India for ________.

[Biotechnology-and-its-Applications] [class-xii ]

• decades
• centuries
• years
• months
Correct Option: B  [ centuries ]

Remark: Basmati has been grown for centuries in India, with reference in ancient texts.

The American company that patented Basmati rice in 1997 received patent rights through the US Patent and ________ Office.

[Biotechnology-and-its-Applications] [class-xii ]

• Copyright
• Trademark
• Regulatory
• Commerce
Correct Option: B  [ Trademark ]

Remark: The patent was granted through the US Patent and Trademark Office.

The problem of increasing food production following the Green Revolution was exacerbated by the high cost of agrochemicals for farmers in the ________ world.

[Biotechnology-and-its-Applications] [class-xii ]

• industrialised
• developed
• developing
• European
Correct Option: C  [ developing ]

Remark: Agrochemicals are often too expensive for farmers in the developing world.

Genetically modified crops help reduce post harvest losses and increase tolerance to ________ stresses.

[Biotechnology-and-its-Applications] [class-xii ]

• biotic
• atmospheric
• microbial
• abiotic
Correct Option: D  [ abiotic ]

Remark: GM crops are more tolerant to abiotic stresses (cold, drought, salt, heat).

Bt toxin is effective against Lepidopterans, Coleopterans, and ________.

[Biotechnology-and-its-Applications] [class-xii ]

• Hymenopterans
• Dipterans
• Orthopterans
• Hemipterans
Correct Option: B  [ Dipterans ]

Remark: Bt proteins kill lepidopterans, coleopterans, and dipterans.

RNA interference (RNAi) is a method of cellular ________ in all eukaryotic organisms.

[Biotechnology-and-its-Applications] [class-xii ]

• reproduction
• defense
• respiration
• transcription
Correct Option: B  [ defense ]

Remark: RNAi takes place in all eukaryotic organisms as a method of cellular defense.

Before Eli Lilly successfully produced recombinant human insulin, the insulin used for diabetic patients was extracted from the pancreas of slaughtered cattle and ________.

[Biotechnology-and-its-Applications] [class-xii ]

• horses
• pigs
• sheep
• monkeys
Correct Option: B  [ pigs ]

Remark: Insulin was earlier extracted from cattle and pigs.

Mature insulin consists of two short polypeptide chains, Chain A and Chain B, linked by ________ bridges.

[Biotechnology-and-its-Applications] [class-xii ]

• hydrogen
• covalent
• disulphide
• ionic
Correct Option: C  [ disulphide ]

Remark: Chains A and B are linked by disulphide bridges.

Gene therapy involves replacing a defective mutant allele with a functional one or gene targeting, which involves gene ________.

[Biotechnology-and-its-Applications] [class-xii ]

• sequencing
• mapping
• amplification
• cloning
Correct Option: C  [ amplification ]

Remark: Gene therapy involves gene targeting which involves gene amplification.

PCR is routinely used for detecting very low concentrations of pathogens when the disease symptoms are not yet ________.

[Biotechnology-and-its-Applications] [class-xii ]

• severe
• visible
• analyzed
• diagnosed
Correct Option: B  [ visible ]

Remark: PCR detects pathogens even when symptoms are not yet visible.