Recombinant human insulin is made in bacteria, yet its structure is absolutely ________ to that of the natural molecule.

[Biotechnology-and-its-Applications] [class-xii ]

• superior
• similar
• complex
• identical
Correct Option: D  [ identical ]

Remark: Recombinant human insulin is absolutely identical to the natural molecule.

Gene therapy involves the insertion of genes into an individual’s cells and tissues to treat diseases, especially ________ diseases.

[Biotechnology-and-its-Applications] [class-xii ]

• infectious
• autoimmune
• hereditary
• neurological
Correct Option: C  [ hereditary ]

Remark: Gene therapy treats hereditary diseases.

Gene targeting in gene therapy replaces a defective mutant allele with a functional one or involves gene ________.

[Biotechnology-and-its-Applications] [class-xii ]

• deletion
• sequencing
• amplification
• modification
Correct Option: C  [ amplification ]

Remark: Gene therapy involves replacing a defective allele or gene targeting, which involves gene amplification.

Pest resistant plants created using Bt toxin genes reduce the reliance on chemical ________.

[Biotechnology-and-its-Applications] [class-xii ]

• irrigation
• pesticides
• sunlight
• soil nutrients
Correct Option: B  [ pesticides ]

Remark: Bt toxin genes provide resistance to insects without the need for insecticides (pesticides).

Genetic modification has increased the efficiency of ________ usage by plants, preventing early exhaustion of soil fertility.

[Biotechnology-and-its-Applications] [class-xii ]

• water
• nitrogen
• mineral
• organic compound
Correct Option: C  [ mineral ]

Remark: GM plants have increased efficiency of mineral usage.

Bt strains produce proteins that kill certain insects, including ________ (tobacco budworm, armyworm).

[Biotechnology-and-its-Applications] [class-xii ]

• Coleopterans
• Lepidopterans
• Dipterans
• Hymenopterans
Correct Option: B  [ Lepidopterans ]

Remark: Lepidopterans (tobacco budworm, armyworm) are killed by Bt proteins.

Bt strains produce proteins that kill certain insects, including ________ (flies, mosquitoes).

[Biotechnology-and-its-Applications] [class-xii ]

• Coleopterans
• Lepidopterans
• Dipterans
• Orthopterans
Correct Option: C  [ Dipterans ]

Remark: Dipterans (flies, mosquitoes) are killed by Bt proteins.

Further increases in yield with existing crop varieties are not possible using ________ breeding techniques.

[Biotechnology-and-its-Applications] [class-xii ]

• selective
• modern
• conventional
• genetic
Correct Option: C  [ conventional ]

Remark: Further yield increases are not possible using conventional breeding.

Tissue culture was developed because traditional breeding techniques failed to keep pace with ________.

[Biotechnology-and-its-Applications] [class-xii ]

• technology
• funding
• climate change
• demand
Correct Option: D  [ demand ]

Remark: Traditional breeding failed to keep pace with demand.

The nutrient medium for explants must provide growth regulators like auxins and ________.

[Biotechnology-and-its-Applications] [class-xii ]

• gibberellins
• abscisic acid
• cytokinins
• ethylene
Correct Option: C  [ cytokinins ]

Remark: Growth regulators like auxins and cytokinins must be provided in the medium.